Introduction to Italian American Cuisine

Virtually all the 'Italian food' in America is better described as 'Italian American.' This shifts the focus from strict adherence to traditional Italian culinary practices to a dynamic and evolving cuisine that incorporates local ingredients and flavors. Let's delve into the rich history and evolution of this culinary fusion.

Migration and Cultural Adaptation

When Italian immigrants arrived in the United States, they brought with them their knowledge of local regional cuisines, which were snapshots in time at the moment of their departure from Italy. A Neapolitan from 1920 would have a different culinary background than a Sicilian from the same period. These immigrants encountered a stark difference in the availability of certain ingredients, such as freshly picked herbs and vegetables, compared to what they had back in Italy. Meat and cheese, on the other hand, were more readily available, leading to adaptations in recipes and cooking methods.

Formation of Italian American Cuisine

The melding of various regional Italian cuisines, from different time periods and regions, begins when these migrants settled in predominantly Italian neighborhoods, often in impoverished areas. These communities mixed and adapted their cuisines, influenced by both the local cultures and the ingredients they found in the United States. Over time, Italian American cuisine emerged as a distinct entity, sharing characteristics with both Italian and American cuisines. It is important to note, however, that this evolution is a spectrum rather than a binary classification.

Examples of Italian American Cuisine

Let's use pizza as an example to illustrate this spectrum. The term 'Italian pizza' is often equated with Neapolitan pizza, but this is a misconception. There are various forms of pizza that reflect the broader Italian cuisine, including those found in different regions of Italy.

Muffaletta: Originating in New Orleans, this sandwich is a great example of Italian American cuisine. It combines Italian bread, meats, and cheeses with local spices and ingredients. Philly Cheese Steak: While it originated in Philadelphia, the steak sandwich reflects a mix of Italian influences and American cooking techniques. St. Louis Style Pizza: This style of pizza, which primarily uses pulled pork instead of traditional Italian toppings, is another example of a fusion of ingredients and flavors. Naples in America: Conversely, there are efforts to maintain traditional Neapolitan pizza techniques, particularly in cities like New York, where pizza chefs continue to uphold the standards of authentic Neapolitan pizza.

Conclusion: A Culinary Tapestry

The notion that Italian pizza can be reduced to only Neapolitan pizza is akin to saying that all Italian cuisine is a strict, unchanging tradition. The reality is much more dynamic and inclusive. Italian American cuisine is a reflection of the rich tapestry of Italian migration, cultural adaptation, and the blending of flavors and ingredients found in different regions of the United States. Whether it's pizza with meatballs or salame piccante, the richness of Italian American cuisine lies in its ability to evolve and thrive in New World settings.