The Life in Cuba Before the Soviet Union Collapse: A Closer Look
In the 1990s, Cubans reflected on the 1980s with nostalgia, calling it 'paradise'. They were often unaware of the difficulties and challenges they faced, despite recognizing what they had that others didn't. However, the true realization of their circumstances only came after leaving Cuba or experiencing firsthand the struggles that were masked by a facade of prosperity.
Hidden Unhappiness and Hidden Benefits
Many Cubans were blissfully unaware of the hidden unhappiness in their lives until they left or faced practical issues. For instance, they may have been thrilled with free university education, but this benefit turned to challenge when they realized the higher cost of supporting a higher education institution. Similarly, they reveled in the comfort of owning a car, until they encountered the compulsory nature of owning a second car and incurring the costs associated with car insurance and health insurance.
The Most Overlooked and Challenging Aspect: Housing
Housing is often taken for granted, yet it is crucial and underappreciated in Cuba. The majority of Cubans own their homes, which is a significant benefit. However, the stress of home maintenance and affordability of related expenses like insurance and healthcare can be overwhelming. This realization is particularly challenging, as the benefits of owning a home can be overshadowed by the practical and financial burdens it brings.
The perceived complacency of the 1980s belied the underlying struggles. Shortages were temporary and resolved quickly, and any problems were swiftly addressed. However, when the Soviet Union collapsed, Cuba faced a sudden and severe crisis. Contracts for essential supplies like energy, food, soap, cooking oil, and medical supplies were abruptly terminated. Even less savory suppliers abandoned ships on the high seas, leaving Cuba under a blockade with nothing coming in.
The Struggle and Resilience of the People
In the face of this unprecedented crisis, Cubans, particularly the 'young men who get things done,' remained upbeat and determined. They believed they could overcome the situation. This resilience was palpable, as one could see it in their eyes and hear it in their voices. They faced a perilous situation but refused to give up, even with all flags flying.
The early 1990s marked a turning point as the dissatisfaction with the status quo deepened. By 1995, the predominant sentiment was a muted sense of triumph. The enjoyment of the situation was dampened, and the realization of the changes was inevitable. Not long after, Cuba began to experience a period of robust economic growth, which lasted until around 2004 or 2005. This resurgence was spearheaded by Fidel Castro, with the first round of salary increases announced under his leadership, marking the beginning of a new era of recovery.
Comparing the Past to the Present
The Cuban life of the 1990s shares many similarities with the present. It is still largely a peasant economy, with free healthcare and 1950s cars, but the leadership has changed from Fidel to his brother Raúl. The structural foundation remains the same, but the perception and reality of daily life have evolved.
In conclusion, life in Cuba before the Soviet Union's collapse was a complex tapestry of hidden hardships, hidden benefits, and an unyielding spirit of resilience. Understanding this period is crucial for comprehending the challenges and opportunities that still face the country today.