The Oldest Military Units: Historical Roots and Current Service
Arguing over who has the world's oldest military can be a complex endeavor, often leading to debates on what truly constitutes a military and when human history truly started recording its events. This article delves into the rich tapestry of military history, focusing on the oldest recorded and currently serving units, spanning from ancient times to modern era.
The Historical Roots of the Oldest Military Units
When we consider the oldest military units based on written history, the picture becomes clearer. According to historical records, some of the earliest professional armies emerged in ancient Mesopotamia. Sargon of Akkad, the founder of the Akkadian Empire, is believed to have established the first standing professional army. Another significant mention is Tiglath-Pileser III of Assyria (reigned 745–727 BC), who created the first standing army of Assyria. These early structures laid the foundations for modern military organizations.
The Pontifical Swiss Guard: A Long-Handed Regiment
Although the ancient civilizations of Mesopotamia and Egypt held early military formations, one of the oldest active military units in the modern world is the Pontifical Swiss Guard. Founded in 1509, the Swiss Guard is particularly celebrated for its role in allowing Pope Clement VII to escape during the War of the League of Cognac. The Swiss Guard remains one of the world's smallest yet most prestigious military units, continuing to serve the Vatican to this day.
The Papal Swiss Infantry Cohort: Ages Upon Ages
If one considers the oldest army in the world from the perspective of continuous existence, the Papal Swiss Infantry Cohort (often referred to as the Swiss Guard) forms a strong case. This unit, founded in the 16th century, continues to serve the Pope and the Vatican, making it one of the world's oldest continuously serving military units. The Swiss Guard's legacy is impressive, with its origins dating back to the 1500s, marking its presence in history for over five centuries.
The French Gendarmerie: A Time-honored Tradition
When it comes to military units founded during the medieval period, the French Gendarmerie is significant. Established as the “maréchaussée royale” in 1373, the gendarmerie's primary role was to police the military and mercenary bands in the countryside. Over the centuries, the unit evolved and adapted to the changing times, eventually changing its name to the modern Gendarmerie in 1791 during the French Revolution. Notably, the soldier, Gallois de Fougère, who served as the provost of the maréchaussée, was among the first recorded and identified gendarmes, and he was the first to die in combat, at the Battle of Azincourt in 1415.
The Moroccan Royal Guard: Back to the 11th Century
Among the oldest military units, the Moroccan Royal Guard is often cited as one of the world's oldest active military formations. Founded in 1088 under Sultan Yusuf bin Tashfin, the guard has a long and storied history. After the independence of Morocco, the guard underwent various reforms, modernizations, and changes, led by King Mohammed, adapting to the needs of the state over the centuries. Traditionally, the primary duty of the Moroccan Royal Guard remains the security and well-being of the King and the royal family.
The oldest military units mentioned here demonstrate the enduring legacy of human organization and defense. From ancient Mesopotamia to modern-day Switzerland and France, these military units have maintained their roles, albeit evolving over time, reflecting the changing nature of warfare and society.