Understanding IGT Wines: More Than Just a Label

The term 'IGT' in the context of Italian wine can be quite confusing. This article aims to demystify what IGT really means and why it is an important indicator for wine enthusiasts and consumers alike.

What is IGT in Italian Wine?

IGT stands for Indicazione Geografica Tipica, which translates to 'Geographic Typical Indication'. While it may sound straightforward, the true meaning and application of IGT are much broader and more nuanced. This designation indicates that the wine conforms to a specific agricultural standard, though these standards are less stringent than those of DOC or DOCG classifications. In simple terms, IGT wines are made to meet certain minimum quality standards but do not necessarily adhere to the more restrictive rules of DOC or DOCG (Denominazione di Origine Controllata e Garantita).

IGT in the Context of Regional Wine Production

Across Europe, there is a system where wine is named based on where it is produced, rather than the grape type. In the United States, you would typically see bottles labeled with grape varieties like Chardonnay or Cabernet Sauvignon. In contrast, similar grape varieties in France could be labeled as White Burgundy or Bordeaux, indicating the region of origin and the specific wine style associated with that region.

The system in France, Italy, and Spain, among others, sets up a place name to guarantee a specific wine style. For example, Chianti is known for Sangiovese, and any wine labeled as Chianti must be made with Sangiovese to ensure consumer expectations are met. This is the core of the DOC (Denominazione di Origine Controllata) system, which ensures that all classic and some non-classic growing regions of Italy follow strict production methods.

The Role of IGT Wines

So, what happens when a wine is made from grape types that are not typical of the region or from an area without DOC regulations, often done to keep prices low? This is where IGT wines come into play. IGT shows that the wine has met a specific agricultural standard, but the standards are less stringent than those for DOC.

For instance, if a vineyard in Chianti produces a white wine, it cannot be called Chianti, as Chianti is strictly a red wine. Instead, it would be labeled as IGT Toscana, named after the larger region of Tuscany. An example of such a wine could be Ecco Domani Pinot Grigio, which is inexpensive and great for casual drinking but would be priced much higher if grown on DOC land.

The Exception: Super Tuscans

However, there is a significant exception to this rule. Super Tuscans are high-quality, high-priced IGT wines that defy the label's usual connotation of being cheaper. These wines are made using non-traditional grape varieties, such as Cabernet Sauvignon and Merlot, alongside traditional grapes like Sangiovese. They are typically produced in Tuscany near or within the Chianti region.

Sassicaia is one of the most famous Super Tuscans, and such wines can fetch prices well over $150 per bottle and double in value as they age. These wines got their recognition from being a departure from traditional DOC rules and garnered support from influential winemakers and wine critics. They have become a legitimate category, even though the DOC authorities do not officially recognize them as such.

Conclusion and Best Practices

While the term 'IGT' might usually suggest lower prices and less stringent quality standards, it's essential to recognize that it can mean a range of quality levels, from affordable to very high-end. Super Tuscans are a prime example of high-quality IGT wines that have pushed the boundaries of traditional Italian viticulture.

Consumers and wine programs should avoid using the term 'Super Tuscan' for moderately priced wines, as it can create false expectations. Instead, label such wines accurately as IGT Toscana to maintain transparency and honesty in the wine industry. This practice ensures that both producers and consumers have clear expectations about the quality and origin of the wine, aligning with the principles of ethical and transparent wine marketing.