Understanding the Difference Between Sub Sandwiches and Hoagies

While often used interchangeably, the terms 'sub' and 'hoagie' refer to similar but distinct sandwich variations. Both are beloved culinary delights enjoyed across the United States and beyond. In this article, we will explore the origins, bread types, fillings, and serving styles of these iconic sandwiches. Additionally, we will discover why regional preferences play a significant role in their naming and characteristics.

Origins and Definitions

The term 'sub' is a shortened form of the word 'submarine sandwich,' which originated in the United States. The term 'hoagie,' on the other hand, is believed to have originated in Philadelphia and its surrounding areas. Although both terms are used to describe long, filled sandwiches, there are subtle differences between them.

Bread Types

Sub Sandwich: Typically made with a long soft roll such as Italian or French bread. This bread is usually cut all the way through, with the top separated from the bottom of the roll. The bread is soft, making it easier to hold a variety of fillings such as meats, cheeses, vegetables, and condiments. There are no strict rules about the ingredients, and the choice is often up to the customer or the sandwich specialist.

Hoagie: Also made with a long roll similar to a sub, but often Italian bread. While there are variations, many hoagies are prepared with a harder roll. The bread is split and filled with a mix of meats, cheeses, vegetables, and condiments, and then closed. This style of hoagie is traditionally served cold, with a drizzle of olive oil or vinegar, and can be enjoyed on a 6- to 12-inch bread roll.

Fillings and Preparation

Sub Sandwich: Fillings can be varied, with or without restrictions. The options include a wide range of meats, cheeses, vegetables, and condiments. The preparation often consists of slicing the bread and adding the fillings, which can be served either hot or cold. The softness of the bread allows for easy distribution of the ingredients throughout the sandwich.

Hoagie: Traditionally, hoagies are filled with Italian meats such as salami, ham, capicola, provolone cheese, lettuce, tomatoes, onions, and a drizzle of oil or vinegar. The sandwich is then typically served cold, although some variations may include a grilled or heated sandwich. The harder, split roll of the hoagie is stuffed with the ingredients before being folded to complete the sandwich.

Regional Differences

The terms 'sub' and 'hoagie' are used differently in various regions. In North American English, 'sub' is more commonly used, while 'hoagie' is predominant in the Philadelphia metro area and Western Pennsylvania. For instance, in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, they are called 'hoagies,' but when the author moves to Chicago and San Diego, the term changes to 'sub.' This regional distinction underscores the subjective nature of naming and often has little to do with the actual ingredients used.

In some areas, particularly New England, the term 'grinder' might be used to describe a hoagie that is heated in an oven. In contrast, a 'sub' typically would not be heated. This regional variation in cooking methods adds another layer of complexity to the distinction between these sandwiches.

Exploring Variations

Moving beyond traditional sub sandwiches and hoagies, other regional variations exist. For example, in a Vietnamese neighborhood, you might find a 'banh mi' – a sandwich on a baguette with mayonnaise, cilantro, jalape?os, pickled carrots, and daikon. The 'Dac biet' or 'Special' variation in Vietnam often includes pork pate and cold cuts. These unique variations highlight the versatility and adaptability of the sandwich concept.

Ultimately, the distinctions between sub sandwiches and hoagies are best appreciated through the lens of regional preferences and variations. Whether you prefer a soft, cut-open sub or a hard, split hoagie, the joy of enjoying these sandwiches remains the same.